We know that sociology is a science of society. It is the study of the human relationship. Sociology is such a broad science that it must cover all the phenomena of society. To cover all the phenomena of society, sociology has so many branches. Among them, the sociology of the organization is one of the most important branches that makes us understand the social relationship of the organization with different stakeholders. This branch of sociology tries to explain, elaborate and describe various problems that arise within the organization. It is true that each organization has its own goal or objective, but that goal and objective should not be contrary to the sociocultural situation. The sociology of the organization is that branch of sociology that examines the expectations of society and the organizational objective. On the basis of social norms, values, cultural practices and other sociocultural environment, the sociology of the organization examines the performance of the organization.
ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATION
Organization analysis through:
1. Social Perspective
2. Political perspective
3. Perspective of the objective
4. Economic / financial perspective
5. Technical perspective
6. Market perspective
7. Perspective of service delivery / job performance
Each organization has its own objective. To achieve the goal, the organization must operate according to the system.
To analyze the organization we need to examine the performance or activities and their result through several
perspectives mentioned above.
ORGANIZATIONAL / BUREAUCRATIC GOAL AND CORPORATE EXPECTATION
Each organization has its own objective according to its nature, but its objective should not be contrary to social norms, values, culture, sociocultural practices, etc. Organizations are a main component of society, so their functions or activities always affect the functions or activities of other bodies of society. The organization must establish policies, programs and projects in accordance with social requirements. People always establish an organization to meet the needs of people. Then, the activities of the organization should be oriented to the needs. Before establishing the organization, we need to know social expectations. The success or failure of the organization depends to a certain extent on it and on the social good. It means that there must be a link between the organization or the bureaucratic objective and the expectations of society. Before establishing the organization, there must be a feasibility and prefeasibility study. According to the result of that study, we need to establish the organization and its objective.
MANAGERS AND CORPORATION POLITICS AND POWER VIS-A-VIS & Power
The position of manager is not the administrative position, but also a position of policy, policy creation, development actor and implementer. The success of the organization depends on the ability of the manager and the power that he has. To achieve the objective of the organization, the manager must be sometimes political, sometimes a development actor, sometimes a policy maker and, sometimes, implement activities within the organization. Being the leader of the organization, the manager must maintain good political relations with different political actors. environment within the organization because it can not change the external political environment. A good political relationship with different political stakeholders will help achieve the corporation’s goal. It administers not only the political being but also the planner, so, according to the political environment and the authority that is provided to him, he needs to develop policies and plan for the further development of an organization. Because of the inclination of its power and authority, it must administer the resource of the organization in an appropriate manner. In terms of human resource management, you must maintain a good political environment inside or outside the organization.
In this way, to achieve the goal of an organization, there must be a good relationship between managers and
political agencies. In another sense, the success of the organization depends to a certain extent on the political relationship of manager, corporation and political agencies.
WORK AND LEISURE
In each organization, there are certain jobs. Work or produce something, human resources are essential. Man can not work like the machine and the machine can not work without man either. The success and failure of any organization depends on the work culture of the workers. To improve the work culture of the workers, there must be an appropriate policy and planning for the development of human resources. For this, there must be a balance between working time and free time. Free time should not be defined as unproductive, but we should make it more productive. Leisure time should be useful to create work energy among workers. It means that the management of leisure time is the most important to improve the productivity of workers. The manager or person responsible for the organization must know the organizational behavior of the workers. Based on the analysis of organizational behavior, we must formulate policies, plans and programs for free time to be productive. Being a student of sociology we need to consider the social norms, the values, the system, the social psychology of the workers in terms of making policies in the program to manage the time of work and free time.
MARKET AND POLITICAL CULTURE
There is a close relationship between the market and the political culture. The development of the market, its expansion and growth is determined to a certain extent by the political culture of the government, the political parties, its sister organization, different administrative units, etc. If there is a good political environment within the territory of the state, there may be a market expansion. Markets always require political stability, good governance, growth and peaceful and progressive economic development, expansion of industries, absence of corruption, etc. Such things are possible if there is a good and favorable political culture. It means that the democratic system and political stability are essential for the development of the market inside and outside the country. The good relationship between countries is another market requirement for its development. For this good political culture of the political parties, the government and other related agencies are essential. Politics is the main market factor. Policy planning and programming by the state and political parties influence the market. Then, there should be a good relationship between the market and politics.
SOCIAL MOVEMENT, POLITICS AND ORGANIZATION
Any form of social movement can easily affect politics. At some point, politics leads the social movement, but every movement, whether political or social, affects the organization in a positive and negative way in both directions. Some social movements, p. feminist, union, ethnic, caste and racial movements, movements for human rights, etc. effects on the objective and goal of the organization. The organization is part of society and that is why it can be affected by all forms of social movement and political movement. If there is a feminist movement in society, it can affect cosmetic products, the education of girls, etc. We can trace the example of the context of beauty and the feminist movement and its effect on Dabur Nepal limited. It means that there is a close connection between organizational development, the political environment and the social movement.
MANAGEMENT OF THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
Non-governmental organizations are non-profit organizations oriented towards social welfare. Their practices and administration of the work system are different from governmental and private organizations. NGOs are established for social welfare and development, so their work system is different. The mobilization of resources, the participation of people, employment and awareness, the improvement of technical knowledge, etc. they are the key elements of NGOs for development. According to the available resources (natural, human and financial), your system of development work may be different from the others. So, we need to apply different management systems and mechanisms. According to the development strategy directed by an NGO, people are not lazy, they are active members of society, they have knowledge, skills, they are ingenious, therefore, we must empower them. NGOs can be an important agency that can empower people, motivate people and help in development. Then, NGOs can be a good partner for development.
Being a student of administration, we must develop a different strategy according to the nature of the NGO and the community. There is no hard and fast management system to be adopted within the NGO, but according to indigenous knowledge skills, people’s resources can adopt different management practices.
The Sociology of Management and Business Administration
1. Sociology of Organization
As we know sociology is the study of society as a whole. Organization is a major component of society. It has its
own function in terms of fulfillment of human beings. There are so many types of organization in society. But there are so many types of organization in society. But there main Moto is to fulfill human needs according to social norms values and social expectations. Sociology of organization is that branch of sociology which always tries to understand the relationship of organization of society whether organization are working according o social expectation or not. Every organization has their own ethics. Sociology of organization always focus to know whether organizations are performing their duties according to their ethics or not etc Sociology of organization is most important discipline for industrialist, businessman and administrator it gives basic idea and knowledge about society for the policy maker basic information of society or market is most essential so, sociology of organization is going to be more popular in now a days. To understand complex market every businessman and industrialist requires some database. For this study of sociology organization to the student of information management is also most important.
2. Network and Organization
We know that society itself a network of relationship. So organization is a major part of society so organization is
based on network. The organization goals are based on with its stakeholders. It means the success of organization
depends upon the relationship with other parties. The relationship and other concerning parties can be mentioned
as below:
3. Analysis of Organization
Organization performance of organization should be analyzed through the following
perspective.
1. Financial / economic perspective
2. Goal perspective
3. Social –cultural perspective
4. Political perspective
5. Technical perspective
6. Service delivery
4. Organizational / bureaucratic goals and power expectation
5. managers and corporation vis-à-vis politics power
The success of any organization to some extent depends upon capacity of manager. The post of manager is not
only the post of administrator but is a policy maker to enhance the capacity of organization. Manager has lots of In every organization on the basis of job, nature, culture, economy, qualification, caste, religion, race, sex, etc. there can be so many groups but such groups are not fixed or permanent. The strength of group, its size, membership, their function etc. are changeable. The member of one group can be a member of another group for certain period of time so, the mobility of group members effects on the capacity or strength of that particular group. The manager should be aware about such group dynamics and their relationship because the change of group nature easily can affect the function of organization.
6. Work and Leisure
Leisure time is most important factor for employee to enhance their capacity for work. Leisure time is not unproductive but is used as a tool to upgrade the productivity of employees. The leisure time helps to increase
production, so it is most essential for every organization but most important factor is that now the manager the work time and leisure time. There always should be balance between work and leisure. For the proper management a leisure and work time manager should have not only the technical knowledge but also sociocultural knowledge. It means leisure time should be managed according to socio- cultural condition of organization as well. In large form of organization there may be various socio-cultural groups and according to their need, interest, manager should manage leisure time and should be created such environment what they required.
7. Group Dynamics and Intra group Relation
8. Indigenous Management and management of indigenous Knowledge
9. Dynamic of Social Capital:
As we know capital is that form of assets which is used to make money in future. In other word capital is collection of money, plant/machine, land and other form of property which can be invested for further production.But social capital is different form of capital then financial capital. Social capital is that form of social heritage which can be used to make money. Social capital is not individual property but it is a social so everyone can use that capital to make money. For example: social norms, values, culture practices, culture and other form of material and non-material things that are produce by man within the particular socio-culture environment, hospitality practices of Nepalese people, welcoming practices to guest etc can be traced out as social capital. After use of social capital there are maximum chances of expansion and popularity but it cannot be finished comparative to financial capital.
According to change in human nature and socio-cultural environment the nature practices values etc of social
capital are being changed day by day due to modernization westernization, science and technology changed in
occupation of people t he value of social capital are being changed day by day
10. Interdependence of social and technical skill
Management of any organization is not so easy task. To be manager we required so many knowledge skills. Due to the development of science and technology, modernization, emergence of new knowledge. Society is going to be more complex and organization is a part of society so the organizational process, its working process, its relation with other organization or stake holder is going to be more complex. To manage such complex organization we should have various technical knowledge and skill. As a good manager, we should have lots of social information and according to such information we need to develop proper management system within the organization. The success of organization is to some extent depending upon the information. Without available information we cannot properly handle organization according to need of society because this is the age of information. To make proper policy planning and project only social information may not sufficient. But we required some technical skill to manage such information and to make proper policy. It means manager required both social and technical knowledge and skills. Social skills means that skills through which he/she can maintain good relationship with people. For manager over administrator this type of skill is most important.
11. SOCIAL MOVEMENT, POLITICS AND ORGANIZATION
Organizational development and its success depends upon social movement, human right movement, trade union movement etc always influence on politics and organization. Sometimes social movement leads political movement and sometime political movement leads social movement but both of them positively and negatively influence to organizations. The states policy is guided by political and social movement and ultimately such policy effect to the organization. Due to cast and ethic movement in Nepal different political parties raising their voice against with each other. It means due to cast and ethical movement there is political conflict and because of such conflicting situation the performance of organization is decreasing day by day. Most of organization are not in profit because of such conflicting situation, so we can say that the nature of social movement, politics and organization are correlated to each other.
12. Interdependence of social and technical skill
Management of any organization is not so easy task. To be manager, we required so many knowledge and skill. Due to the development of science and technology, modernization, emergence of new knowledge, society is going to be more complex. Organization is a part of society so the organization system, its working process, its relation with other organization or stakeholders is also going to be more complex. To manage such complexity of organization, we should have various technical knowledge & skill. As a good manager, we should have lots of social information and according to such information; we need to develop proper managerial system within the organization. The success of organization is depend upon the information because this is the age of information to make proper policy, planning and project, only social information is not sufficient. But we required so many technical skills to manage such information and to make proper policy; it means manager required both social and technical knowledge in skill. Social skill means that skill through which s|he can maintain such relationship withpeople. For manager or administrator, this type of skill is most important.
13. Social movement, politics and organization
Organization development, its success is depending on social movement and political system. Social movement is raising the voice about something making people aware and empowers them about something.Feminist movement, caste and ethnic movement, human right movement, trade union movement etc. always influenced on politics and organization. Sometimes social movement leads to a political movement and sometimes political movement leads social movement. But both of them positively and negatively influenced to organization. The states policy is guided by political and social movement and ultimately such policy affect to the organization. Due to caste and ethnic movement in Nepal, different political parties raising their voice against each other. It means due to social movement, there is political conflict and because of such conflicting situation, the performances of organization are degrading day by day. Most of the organizations are not in profit because of such conflicting situation. So we can say that the nature of social movement politics and organizational development are correlated with each other.