Unit 6: Transaction Management

ACID Properties in DBMS A transaction is a single logical unit of work which accesses and possibly modifies the contents of a database. Transactions access data using read and write operations. In order to maintain consistency in a database, before and after transaction, certain properties are followed. These are called ACID properties. Atomicity By this, […]

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Normalization

First Normal Form (1NF) Each column is unique in 1NF. As per the rule of first normal form, an attribute (column) of a table cannot hold multiple values. It should hold only atomic values. Example: 1 Sample Employee table, it displays employees are working with multiple departments. Employee Age Department Melvin 32 Marketing, Sales Edward […]

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Unit 10: Working with Files

What is a File? A file is simply a resource for storing information on a computer. Files are usually used to store information such as; Configuration settings of a program Simple data such as contact names against the phone numbers. Images, Pictures, Photos, etc. Opening a File The fopen() function is used to open files […]

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