History IBM Sequel language developed as part of System R project at the IBM San Jose Research Laboratory Renamed Structured Query Language (SQL) ANSI and ISO standard SQL: SQL-86 SQL-89 SQL-92 SQL:1999 (language name became Y2K compliant!) SQL:2003 Commercial systems offer most, if not all, SQL-92 features, plus varying feature sets from later standards and […]
Continue ReadingRelational model Relational Model represents how data is stored in Relational Databases. A relational database stores data in the form of relations (tables). Consider a relation STUDENT with attributes ROLL_NO, NAME, ADDRESS, PHONE and AGE shown in Table. STUDENT ROLL_NO NAME ADDRESS PHONE AGE 1 Ram Dharan 9455123451 18 2 Ramesh Gorkha 9652431543 18 3 […]
Continue ReadingData Types Data Types defines the type of data a variable can store. PHP allows eight different types of data types. String :- A string is a sequence of characters, like “Hello world!”. Integer :- An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647. Float (floating point numbers – also called […]
Continue ReadingDefinition :- PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor . PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP . PHP scripts are executed on the server . PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) PHP is an open source software . PHP is free to download and use. 1.1 PHP’s […]
Continue ReadingBasics Introduction DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can break it like this DBMS = Database + Management System. Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of programs to store and retrieve those data. Based on this we can define DBMS like this: DBMS is a collection of inter-related data and set of […]
Continue ReadingThe PHP Date() Function The PHP date() function convert a timestamp to a more readable date and time. The computer stores dates and times in a format called UNIX Timestamp, which measures time as a number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch (midnight Greenwich Mean Time on January 1, 1970 i.e. January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT […]
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Continue ReadingRecursion is a process by which a function calls itself repeatedly, until some specified condition has been satisfied. In order to solve a problem recursively, two conditions must be satisfied. First, the problem must be written in a recursive form, and second, the problem statement must include a stopping condition. Factorial Program using loop in […]
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